C90500 Tin Bronze "SAE 62" bar/rod
C90500, commonly designated as "Gun Metal" (SAE 62 or CDA 905), is a tin bronze alloy renowned for its balanced mechanical properties and industrial versatility. It is not a pure oxygen-free copper but a copper-based alloy primarily composed of copper (88–89%), tin (9–10%), zinc (1–2%), and trace elements like lead, nickel, and phosphorus [1]. This alloy exhibits exceptional wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and castability, making it ideal for high-stress applications such as bearings, pump impellers, valve components, and steam fittings . Its mechanical properties include a tensile strength of 45 KSI, yield strength of 22 KSI, and 25% elongation, with a Brinell hardness of 75 . Additionally, it demonstrates moderate electrical conductivity (11% IACS) and thermal conductivity (43.2 BTU/(sq ft-ft-hr-°F))
Parameter
Chemical Composition
Mechanical Properties

Dimensional Specifications
C90500 copper rods are available in a wide range of industrial sizes, tailored to meet diverse manufacturing requirements:

  1. Diameter Range:
    • Standard Rods: 6 mm to 500 mm .
    • Cold-Drawn/Lathed Rods: 1.0 mm to 300 mm (precision-ground or polished surfaces) .
  2. Length:
    • Customizable from 0.5 meters to 30 meters, with standard stock lengths typically at 6 meters .
  3. Surface Finish:
    • Options include raw (black skin), cold-drawn, polished (mirror-like finish), or precision-ground surfaces for specialized applications .

Note: Other forms (e.g., sheets, tubes) and non-standard shapes (hexagonal, square) are excluded per the request.

International Standards
C90500 complies with several globally recognized standards to ensure material consistency and performance:

  1. ASTM B584: Specifies chemical composition, mechanical properties, and casting requirements for C90500 tin bronze alloys .
  2. JIS H 3250-1992: Japanese standard for copper alloy rods, covering dimensional tolerances, roundness (±0.05 mm for diameters ≤50 mm), and mechanical testing protocols .
  3. DIN EN 13601:2013-09: European standard for copper alloy rods in electrical applications, emphasizing conductivity, bend-test compliance, and surface integrity .
  4. GB/T 20509 (China): Focuses on copper alloy wire rods for electrical purposes, including grain size control and resistance testing .

These standards collectively govern critical parameters such as:

  • Chemical composition limits (e.g., tin: 9.0–11.0%, zinc: 1.0–2.5%) .
  • Dimensional tolerances (e.g., diameter deviations ≤±0.1% for rods >100 mm) .
  • Mechanical performance thresholds (e.g., tensile strength ≥310 MPa) .

Chemical Composition

C90500 is a tin bronze alloy primarily composed of copper (Cu) and tin (Sn), with trace amounts of other elements to enhance specific properties. The composition adheres to ASTM standards such as ASTM B22-2002 and ASTM B584 for casting applications. The typical ranges are as follows:

ElementContent (wt%)Notes
Cu86.0–89.0Base metal
Sn9.0–11.0Enhances strength and wear resistance
Zn1.0–3.0Improves castability and hardness
Pb≤0.3Enhances machinability
Fe≤0.2Limits excessive grain growth
Sb≤0.2Trace impurity control
Ni≤1.0Improves corrosion resistance
S≤0.02Limits sulfur contamination
P≤0.05Acts as a deoxidizer
Al, Si≤0.005 eachStrictly controlled impurities

Key Observations:

  • Tin content (9–11%) is critical for forming hard intermetallic phases (e.g., α + δ eutectoid), which improve wear resistance .
  • Zinc (1–3%) balances fluidity during casting while maintaining corrosion resistance .
  • Low lead content (≤0.3%) ensures compliance with environmental regulations for potable water systems .

Mechanical Properties

C90500 is renowned for its high strength, excellent wear resistance, and moderate ductility, making it suitable for heavy-load applications. Typical mechanical properties (as-cast or sand-cast condition) include:

PropertyValueNotes
Tensile Strength (σb)≥220 MPa (32 ksi)Minimum requirement for structural integrity
Yield Strength (σ0.2)≥140 MPa (20 ksi)Ensures load-bearing capacity
Elongation (δ5)≥5%Indicates moderate ductility
Hardness (HBW)≥70–75 HBWSuitable for sliding surfaces and bearings
Shear Strength~18.7 MPa (2,709 psi)Bonded performance with polymers



Additional Performance Characteristics:


  • Wear Resistance: C90500 exhibits a low wear factor (2.7×10⁻⁹ mm³/N·m) under heavy loads, outperforming leaded bronzes like C93200 in high-pressure scenarios .
  • Corrosion Resistance: Excellent resistance to seawater and steam, ideal for marine components and valves .
  • Thermal Properties: Thermal conductivity ≈43.2 BTU/(ft²·hr·°F), with a thermal expansion coefficient of 11×10⁻⁶/°F .
INTRODUCTION

Production process and product advantages of C90500 copper rod:


1. Production process

Raw material pretreatment

The main raw materials for producing C90500 copper rod include scrap copper, electrolytic copper, zinc ingots, etc. Scrap copper needs to be radiation tested and manually sorted to remove impurities to ensure the purity of raw materials. Some processes will add slag removers (such as industrial salt, refining slag removers) to remove impurities during the smelting process.


Smelting and casting

Smelting: The raw materials are heated to about 1100℃ in an industrial frequency furnace or a large-tonnage electric furnace and melted under normal pressure. The horizontal continuous casting technology (such as "submerged liquid transfer-multi-head multi-stream horizontal continuous casting") can produce multiple copper rods of different specifications at the same time, which is more than 10 times more efficient than traditional processes and reduces smoke emissions.

Casting: The smelted copper liquid is kept warm in a holding furnace (about 900℃) and then enters the continuous casting stage. The crystallization process is controlled by a circulating cooling water system to form a continuous casting rod. During the casting process, the pouring system and riser need to be reasonably designed to avoid defects such as shrinkage cavities and shrinkage.


Forming and processing


Hot extrusion: The continuous casting ingot is formed by a large-tonnage reverse extruder to improve the density and mechanical properties of the copper rod.

Drawing and annealing: The extruded copper rod is straightened and sized by a combined drawing machine, and then annealed to eliminate internal stress and ensure dimensional accuracy and surface finish. Some processes also include pickling, lubrication, stretching and other steps.

Environmental protection and recycling

Scraps and debris can be recycled to the smelting stage for reuse to reduce raw material loss. The bag dust removal system reduces smoke emissions and meets environmental protection standards.

2. Product advantages

Excellent material performance


Wear resistance and corrosion resistance: C90500 is a cast tin bronze (containing about 10% tin), which still maintains high wear resistance and chemical stability in low temperature environments, and is suitable for harsh working conditions such as cryogenic pumps.

High mechanical strength: high tensile strength, good toughness, and can work stably in medium to high load environments.

Good casting performance: The casting has high density and excellent air tightness, which is suitable for manufacturing precision parts such as pump bodies and gears.

Excellent processing performance


Easy cutting and surface treatment: Good cutting performance, the surface can achieve a mirror effect after polishing, which is both functional and decorative.

Welding and molding: Good processing performance at room temperature, convenient welding, suitable for the manufacture of complex parts.

Wide application field

C90500 copper rod can be used for electronic components (such as conductive parts), industrial equipment (pump bodies, valves, gears), decorations and bathroom accessories. Its dezincification corrosion resistance is also suitable for marine engineering.

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FAQ

Q1:Do you provide samples? Is it free or extra?
A1:Yes, we can provide samples free of charge and the customer will pay the freight.
Q2:What if I don't have export experience ?
A2:We have reliable forwarder agent which can ship items to you by sea/air/Express to your doorstep. Any way, we will help you choose the most suitable shipping service.
Q3:How long is your lead time?
A3:If it is in stock, it is usually 5-10 days. Or, if there is no inventory, 15 days, depending on the quantity.
Q4:What are your terms of payment?
A4:30% T/T deposit in advance, 70% T/T balance within 5 days after B/L copy, 100%.Irrevocable L/C at sight, 100% Irrevocable L/C after receive B/L 30-120 days, O/A.
Q5:How is your technical support?
A5:We provide lifetime online support through Whatsapp/ Skype/ Wechat/ Email. Any problem after delivery, we will offer you call anytime.

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