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Dimensional Specifications
C94700 copper tubes are available in a wide range of sizes, adhering to industrial and international standards:
- Outer Diameter (OD): 6–530 mm .
- Wall Thickness: 0.5–50 mm .
- Length: 1–12 meters (standard), with custom lengths negotiable .
Note: Dimensional tolerances and specific schedules (e.g., wall thickness grades) depend on manufacturing methods (e.g., seamless casting or extrusion) and application requirements.
International Standards
C94700 copper tubes comply with the following key standards:
- ASTM B584: Specifies requirements for copper alloy sand castings, including chemical composition, mechanical properties, and heat treatment protocols for alloys like C94700 .
- ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) Section II, Part B: Covers material specifications for C94700 in pressure-boundary applications, emphasizing heat-treated conditions (e.g., C94700HT) to achieve enhanced tensile strength and hardness .
- ASTM B75/B75M: While primarily for general-purpose copper tubes (e.g., C10100–C12200), this standard provides supplementary guidelines for dimensional tolerances and testing methods applicable to nickel-tin bronze alloys like C94700 .
Critical Considerations
- Heat Treatment: Age-hardening (e.g., solution annealing followed by aging) is critical to achieving optimal mechanical properties. Excessive lead content (>0.01%) may compromise heat-treated performance .
- Application-Specific Standards: For high-pressure or high-temperature environments (e.g., boilers, valves), compliance with ASME BPVC and ASTM B584 is mandatory to ensure material integrity .
- Dimensional Compliance: Tubes must meet OD, wall thickness, and straightness tolerances defined by ASTM/ASME standards, with nondestructive testing (e.g., hydrostatic pressure tests) often required for critical applications .
Chemical Composition
C94700 is a nickel-tin bronze cast copper alloy standardized under ASTM B584. Its nominal composition (by weight percentage) is as follows:
- Copper (Cu): 88%
- Tin (Sn): 5%
- Zinc (Zn): 2%
- Nickel (Ni): 5%.
- Lead (Pb): ≤0.01% (critical for achieving optimal mechanical properties after heat treatment).
- Other impurities: Aluminum (Al) ≤0.10%, Bismuth (Bi) ≤0.001%, Phosphorus (P) ≤0.005%, Sulfur (S) ≤0.0025%, Antimony (Sb) ≤0.02%.
- Iron (Fe): Must not exceed nickel content.
Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties vary significantly with casting processes (e.g., sand casting, centrifugal casting) and heat treatment conditions (e.g., M01, M07):
A. As-Cast and Heat-Treated Properties
B. Additional Mechanical Characteristics
- Elastic Modulus: ~117 GPa at room temperature (25°C).
- Density: 8.8–8.94 g/cm³.
- Thermal Conductivity: High, intermediate between silver and gold.
- Electrical Conductivity: ~97% of pure silver.
Critical Notes:
- Heat treatment (e.g., 1400°F/760°C) enhances tensile strength to ~414 MPa (60 ksi) but reduces elongation to ~10%.
- Excess lead (>0.01%) degrades mechanical properties, particularly in heat-treated conditions.
Key Performance Advantages
- High Strength-to-Weight Ratio: Suitable for structural components under moderate loads.
- Wear Resistance: Ideal for bearings, bushings, and marine hardware.
- Corrosion Resistance: Excellent in seawater, chemicals, and industrial environments.
- Machinability: Good for complex castings due to ductility.
Production process and product advantages of C94700 copper tube:
1. Production process
Raw material processing and melting
The production process uses cathode copper and phosphor copper alloy as raw materials, which are heated to 1200℃ in an industrial frequency furnace for melting. The molten metal liquid is formed by a horizontal continuous casting process, and then water-cooled to 50℃ to form a preliminary copper tube billet.
2. Processing and forming
Rolling and drawing: The copper tube billet undergoes milling, planetary rolling, triple drawing, and disk drawing in turn to gradually refine the size and improve the accuracy. This process will produce waste emulsion (S2), copper chips (S3) and scraps (S4), which need to be recycled.
Annealing treatment: After rolling or drawing, online annealing is required to eliminate internal stress and improve material properties.
It is mentioned that C94700 needs to be solution treated (water quenched) in the range of 775-800°C and annealed at 305-325°C to optimize performance.
3. Surface treatment and testing
After forming, surface cleaning (removing oil and oxide layer), rewinding (flaw detection) and other steps, the finished copper tube is finally obtained. The welding process may be used for specific applications, but it will produce welding smoke and pollution needs to be controlled.
2. Product advantages
Excellent mechanical properties
High hardness and strength: C94700 copper alloy has high hardness and tensile strength (up to 450 MPa) due to the presence of tin (4.7-6.0%) and nickel (4.5-6.0%), and is suitable for high-load environments such as bearings and gears.
Fatigue resistance and toughness: Its single-phase spinodal structure (ordered arrangement of nickel and tin atoms) gives excellent fatigue resistance and fracture toughness, which is better than manganese bronze, aluminum bronze, etc.
2. Excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance
Wear resistance: The high tin content forms a wear-resistant surface. Experiments show that its wear rate is only half of that of beryllium copper, which is suitable for bearings, hydraulic pump components, etc.
Corrosion resistance: The synergistic effect of nickel and tin makes it perform well in marine environments and chemical media, and is suitable for ships and oil drilling equipment.
Good processing and casting performance
Casting performance: C94700 has low shrinkage and fine grain structure, suitable for complex castings. Adding a small amount of zinc can further improve casting fluidity.
Processability: Although the processability rating after heat treatment is low (30% FMB), precision processing can still be achieved through annealing and optimization process.
Versatile application scenarios
Widely used in bearings, valves, electronic components (excellent conductivity), aerospace parts, etc. Its thermal conductivity is also suitable for heat dissipation devices.
Q1:Do you provide samples? Is it free or extra?
A1:Yes, we can provide samples free of charge and the customer will pay the freight.
Q2:What if I don't have export experience ?
A2:We have reliable forwarder agent which can ship items to you by sea/air/Express to your doorstep. Any way, we will help you choose the most suitable shipping service.
Q3:How long is your lead time?
A3:If it is in stock, it is usually 5-10 days. Or, if there is no inventory, 15 days, depending on the quantity.
Q4:What are your terms of payment?
A4:30% T/T deposit in advance, 70% T/T balance within 5 days after B/L copy, 100%.Irrevocable L/C at sight, 100% Irrevocable L/C after receive B/L 30-120 days, O/A.
Q5:How is your technical support?
A5:We provide lifetime online support through Whatsapp/ Skype/ Wechat/ Email. Any problem after delivery, we will offer you call anytime.
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