Name: C21000 Gilding Brass bar/rod
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C21000 Gilding Brass bar/rod

C21000, also known as Gilding Metal or 95% Copper Brass, is a copper-zinc alloy primarily composed of 94–96% copper and 4–6% zinc, with trace impurities (e.g., Pb ≤0.03%, Fe ≤0.10%) . It balances copper’s conductivity and zinc’s mechanical enhancements, making it suitable for applications requiring moderate strength and electrical performance.

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Chemical Composition

Mechanical Properties

Dimensional Specifications

C21000 copper rods are typically produced in round bars with standardized and customizable dimensions:

Diameter Range: 3–300 mm (common sizes: 5–160 mm) .
- Smaller diameters (e.g., 3.2 mm) have tighter tolerances (±10% for <10 mm) .
- Larger diameters (e.g., ≥10 mm) allow ±5% tolerance .
Length: Standard lengths of 2 m or 6 m, with options for custom-cut sizes .
Surface Finishes: Polished, drawn, or black-patinated states .

International Standards

C21000 complies with the following global standards:

Standard System	Designation	Key Specifications
ASTM (USA)	ASTM B927/B927M	Covers brass rods (round, hexagonal) and bars for UNS C21000 .
JIS (Japan)	C2100	Equivalent to C21000 in chemical composition and mechanical properties .
DIN (Germany)	CuZn5	Matches C21000’s 95% Cu–5% Zn composition .
ISO	CuZn5	Aligns with DIN and ASTM standards for rod dimensions and tolerances .
GB (China)	H96	Corresponds to C21000 in tensile strength (≥215 MPa) and elongation .

Additional standards include EN 12163 (EU) and GOST Л96 (Russia) for general-purpose copper alloy rods .

Chemical Composition

C21000 is a high-copper brass alloy (also classified as "red brass") with a primary composition of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), along with trace elements. The exact chemical limits are standardized under ASTM specifications such as ASTM B36/B36M and ASTM B587. Here is the detailed composition:

Element	Content Range (wt%)	Notes
Copper (Cu)	94.0–96.0%	Primary constituent
Zinc (Zn)	Balance	Typically 4–6% (residual)
Lead (Pb)	≤0.05%	Strictly controlled impurity
Iron (Fe)	≤0.05%	Impurity limit per ASTM B36
Other Impurities	≤0.3% (total)	Includes P, Sb, Bi, etc. [1](#user-content-ref-4), [3](#user-content-ref-6), [18](#user-content-ref-12), [31](#user-content-ref-22)

Key Points:

C21000 is distinct from nickel-containing alloys (e.g., [31] incorrectly mention nickel; this appears to be an error, as other ASTM sources confirm it is a Cu-Zn alloy).
The alloy is often referenced as H95 in Chinese standards (GB/T 5231) and CuZn5 in European standards [35](#user-content-ref-22).

Mechanical Properties

C21000 exhibits a combination of high strength, ductility, and excellent cold-working capabilities. Properties vary depending on temper (annealed, cold-rolled, etc.):

Typical Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties

Property	Annealed (Soft) State	Cold-Worked (Hard) State
Tensile Strength (σb)	205–290 MPa	400–610 MPa
Yield Strength (σ₀.₂)	70–120 MPa	350–400 MPa
Elongation (δ)	35–42% (δ10)	10–25% (δ10)
Shear Strength	221–260 MPa	–
Hardness (Rockwell B)	20–48 HRB	60–85 HRB

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