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  • C84400 Leaded Semi-Red Brass bar/rod (CDA 844, C844)

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C84400 Leaded Semi-Red Brass bar/rod (CDA 844, C844)
C84400, classified as a leaded semi-red brass alloy, is a copper-based material renowned for its balanced combination of machinability, castability, and cost-effectiveness. It contains 78–82% copper (Cu), 6–8% lead (Pb), 7–10% zinc (Zn), 2.3–3.5% tin (Sn), and trace amounts of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and other elements . The inclusion of lead enhances pressure sealing and low-load bearing capabilities, making it ideal for plumbing, valves, and decorative fixtures .

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Parameter
Chemical Composition
Mechanical Properties

Dimensional Range for C84400 Copper Rod

  • Diameter (Solid Bars): ½" to 13" (12.7 mm to 330.2 mm)
  • Standard Length: 144" (3.66 meters)
  • Shapes: Round bars, hexagonal bars, rectangular/flat bars (excludes tubes, plates, or structural profiles) .
International Standards
C84400 copper rods comply with:


  • ASTM B505/B505M: Standard specification for continuous cast copper alloy products, covering rods, bars, and shapes.
  • ASTM B584: Specifies requirements for sand-cast copper alloy components, including dimensional tolerances and material properties .

C84400, classified as a leaded semi-red brass (or tin bronze in some classifications), is a multi-component copper alloy optimized for castability, machinability, and corrosion resistance. Its chemical composition adheres to ASTM B505/B505M standards . The elemental ranges are as follows:

ElementContent (wt.%)Remarks
Copper (Cu)78.00–82.00Base metal, providing electrical/thermal conductivity and structural integrity.
Zinc (Zn)7.00–10.00Enhances strength and castability; forms α+β brass matrix.
Lead (Pb)6.00–8.00Improves machinability and pressure-tightness in castings.
Tin (Sn)2.30–3.50Strengthens via solid-solution hardening; improves corrosion resistance.
Nickel (Ni)≤1.00Refines grain structure and enhances toughness.
Iron (Fe)≤0.40Increases hardness but limited to avoid brittleness.
Phosphorus (P)≤0.02Acts as a deoxidizer; forms phosphorite phases for grain refinement.
Antimony (Sb)≤0.25Prevents dezincification in corrosive environments.
Sulfur (S)≤0.08Residual element from processing; kept low to avoid embrittlement.
Silicon (Si)≤0.005Controlled to minimize oxide formation during casting.
Aluminum (Al)≤0.005Trace impurity; limits oxidation during melting.

Notes:

  • Minor elements (e.g., Sb, S) are tightly controlled to meet ASTM specifications .
  • The high Pb content (6–8%) enables excellent self-lubrication, making it ideal for low-load bearings and valves .

Mechanical Properties of C84400 Copper Alloy

C84400 exhibits a balanced combination of strength, ductility, and wear resistance, tailored for cast applications. Key mechanical properties per ASTM standards and industrial reports include:

Typical Mechanical Properties (As-Cast Condition):

PropertyValueRemarks
Tensile Strength (Rm)207–379 MPa (30–55 ksi)Minimum requirement: 207 MPa (30 ksi) . Higher values achievable via heat treatment.
Yield Strength (Rp0.2)103–172 MPa (15–25 ksi)Minimum requirement: 103 MPa (15 ksi) .
Elongation (A)15–32%Varies with casting quality and heat treatment; minimum 16% per ASTM .
Hardness55–60 HB (Brinell)Optimal for machining; higher hardness (e.g., 423 HBW) achievable via aging .
Impact Toughness (KV)31–44 JSuitable for dynamic load applications .
Modulus of Elasticity89–130 GPa (13,000–19,000 ksi)Lower than pure copper due to alloying elements .

Physical Properties:

  • Density: 8.69 g/cm³ (0.314 lb/in³) .
  • Melting Range: 843–1004°C (1549–1840°F) .
  • Thermal Conductivity: 41.8–72.4 W/m·K (24.1–41.8 Btu·ft/(hr·ft²·°F)) .
  • Electrical Conductivity: 16.4% IACS (0.095 MS/m) .
  • Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 10.0 × 10⁻⁶/°C (18.0 × 10⁻⁶/°F) .

Heat Treatment and Fabrication:

  • Stress Relieving: 260–500°C (500–932°F) for 1 hour per inch of thickness .
  • Weldability: Suitable for soldering and brazing; oxygen-acetylene and gas-shielded arc welding are not recommended .
  • Machinability: Rated 90/100 (free-cutting brass = 100) due to Pb lubrication .
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